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Feeding birds

harvey james harrison

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Fecha de incorporación: 29/03/22

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Feeding birds

29/03/22 22:51

Strengthening understanding of the motivations behind why they do so may be key both to maximising the benefits,and harnessing support for broader conservation issues.For many people,particularly those living in urban areas,their interactions with wild birds may form the main wildlife interactions that they experience in daily life.So,it is perhaps unsurprising that despite the widespread extinction of experience there is frequent provision of food by people for garden birds.Increasingly it is also being recognised as being an important potential tool for stimulating a broader interest in the natural world.However,despite the clear importance that feeding wild birds has for both birds and people there is still no clear understanding of peoples motivations for doing so.Here we distinguish three possible mechanisms,namely potential psychological benefits from watching wild birds;a concern about the welfare of wild birds;and/or as a more general orientation towards interacting with nature.The psychological benefits that people receive from watching birds in their garden,such as feelings of pleasure,are the most obvious motivation for feeding them.We explore two such benefits that might drive garden bird feeding.First,attention restoration theory proposes that the natural world promotes recovery from mental fatigue and offers opportunities for reflection ,while stress reduction theory indicates that natural environments facilitate reductions in physiological arousal following stress.Watching birds and their behaviour as a visible component of nature may contribute significantly to these feelings.Traditionally,and currently,people in the northern hemisphere more often provide food for birds in winter when they are perceived to need more assistance with resources.This is despite daylight hours being shorter,with people spending less time in their gardens and so arguably there being less likelihood of viewing the birds directly.This suggests that a concern about bird welfare may be an important motivation behind providing food.However,this entails a time investment and because householders often cannot see the effects of disease transmission it may have little visible effect.Therefore people who clean feeders can be regarded as showing an increased concern for bird welfare.Finally,there is increasing evidence that some people are more orientated towards interacting with the natural world than others ,and are willing to invest more to obtain this interaction even when they have a reduced opportunity for doing so.It can be relatively easy to attract birds to a feeder through the provision of food.We explore whether the mechanism behind people doing so is either a response to the opportunity of birds already present in the garden,or some people being orientated towards specifically attracting birds even when there are none.People who invest in maintaining a bird feeder,so seeking the closer interaction provided,might be seen to be more orientated towards interacting with nature through bird feeding.These each have sizeable human populations of,respectively,c.Two general survey methods were used.A researcher knocked on the doors of the houses and asked one member of the household to complete the questionnaire.A researcher then knocked on the doors of all houses with evidence that someone was home,e.The project was explained to the resident,who was then asked to complete a questionnaire in his or her own time.Surveys were conducted at both weekdays and at weekends.The survey was conducted in a stratified random way because we were not interested in the proportion of the urban population who fed birds,but instead wanted to understand the reasons those that fed birds had for doing so,whilst having a sufficiently large sample of people who did not feed birds for comparison purposes.We developed a questionnaire to explore peoples knowledge and experience of,and attitudes towards,garden bird feeding.The questionnaire took approximately six minutes to complete and consisted of close-ended questions.To explore respondents motivations behind garden bird feeding,we asked people to rate the extent to which they agreed with each of nine statements.Responses were given on a five-point Likert scale,from strongly disagree to strongly agree.Five of the above statements related to bird feeding generally and were completed by all respondents,while four related directly to bird feeding activities and so were not completed by people who did not feed birds.Item phrasing can influence outcomes,and statements were designed to be neither strongly positive nor negative,nor to lead respondents.To try and understand why some people dont feed birds,we also asked people who did not do so to score the Likert statement I am not interested in feeding birds,and why those that engaged in some form of bird feeding activity dont do so more regularly I dont always remember to put out food.As a crude measure of the independence of surveying multiple people from each street we also asked people to score the five point Likert statement I feed birds because my neighbours do.Those that answered I dont notice birds were given a score of zero.These were then included as a four-level factor.For any completed questionnaire,if any of the questions were incomplete,then that respondents question was removed from the analysis.To determine whether bird feeding activities,bird awareness,age,gender and/or income were important predictors of answers to each of the nine statements we used ordinal regression models using the ordinal package.

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RE: Feeding birds

30/03/22 8:02 en respuesta a harvey james harrison.

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